Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer in both men and women. In men, prostate cancer is the most prevalent, while in women, breast cancer takes the top spot.
Although lung cancer affects both genders at similar rates, the symptoms can differ significantly due to the distinct types of lung cancer that men and women typically develop. Recognizing the specific symptoms for each gender is crucial for early detection.
Lung Cancer in Women
The most frequent type of lung cancer found in women is adenocarcinoma. This cancer typically develops on the outer parts of the lungs, which often results in less noticeable symptoms compared to other forms of lung cancer. Because of this, adenocarcinoma tumors can grow and spread extensively before they are detected, making early diagnosis essential.
Initial signs of adenocarcinoma may include:
- Fatigue
- Pain in the back and shoulders
- Shortness of breath during physical activity
As the cancer progresses, additional symptoms may emerge:
- Persistent cough
- Chest, shoulder, and back pain
- Increased mucus production with possible color changes
- Shortness of breath
- Hoarseness
- Stridor (a harsh, wheezing sound while breathing)
- Coughing up blood or blood-tinged mucus
Due to its often-hidden nature, adenocarcinoma may only be identified once it has spread to other parts of the body, which can result in a range of symptoms depending on the affected area. The most common areas lung cancer spreads to include the lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver, and adrenal glands. Symptoms of advanced lung cancer may include:
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
- Muscle wasting
- Chronic fatigue
- Headaches
- Joint or bone pain
- Bone fractures without apparent cause
- Memory issues
- Swelling in the face or neck
- Blood clots
Lung Cancer in Men
Men are more prone to developing squamous cell carcinoma, a form of non-small cell lung cancer that primarily forms in the central part of the lungs near the main airways (bronchi). This location often leads to airway obstruction, making symptoms more noticeable compared to adenocarcinoma, which is more common in women.
Key symptoms include:
- Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis
Although men’s lung cancer symptoms may be more apparent due to airway blockage, studies suggest that men are more likely to ignore early warning signs, often due to lifestyle factors such as smoking.
Regardless of gender, it is vital to pay attention to any potential lung cancer symptoms and seek medical advice if concerns arise. Reducing risk factors, particularly quitting smoking, remains one of the most effective ways to prevent lung cancer.
