Throughout his papacy, he didn’t shy away from speaking out on major global challenges like climate change and social inequality. He also struck a more welcoming tone toward the LGBTQ community, famously saying, “Who am I to judge?” when asked about gay clergy.

In his later years, however, some of that progressive image was clouded by controversy. He stood firmly by the Church’s traditional views on gender identity and euthanasia, and came under fire for reportedly using a homophobic slur—sparking criticism and complicating how he was seen by many.

Francis had been dealing with ongoing health problems for several years. Back in February, he was hospitalized with bronchitis, and was later diagnosed with bilateral pneumonia. His condition steadily declined, leading to what the Vatican described as a “prolonged respiratory crisis,” according to Sky News. He also battled kidney complications and anaemia.

Despite all of this, he still made public appearances in early 2025—including an emotional moment during Easter Sunday Mass. After a 38-day hospital stay that wrapped up in late March, he returned to the Vatican, where he’s been under round-the-clock medical supervision.

Doctors have said that while his pneumonia has cleared, he’s still being treated for a lung fungal infection, and continues to need oxygen and physiotherapy.

Over the weekend, crowds of worshippers filled St. Peter’s Square, lighting candles and offering heartfelt prayers for the Pope—a powerful display of his deep bond with Catholics around the world.

In recent years, his health had steadily declined, limiting his public appearances and forcing him to step back from key religious duties. He notably missed the 2024 Good Friday procession in Rome, a significant absence that underscored his frailty.

Back in 2022, he had suggested that, if his condition worsened, he might consider stepping down—much like his predecessor, Benedict XVI. Benedict made history in 2013 when he became the first pope in more than six centuries to resign due to health concerns. He passed away in 2022.

Now, as the world grieves his passing, over 1.4 billion Catholics are mourning a spiritual leader who helped reshape the papacy for the modern age.